The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
In this work, we investigate the cycle-based optimal NO x emission control for Diesel engine selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. The optimization is carried out based on the SCR model and the SCR is assumed to be a continuous stirred tank reactor during the modeling. Considering the main chemical reactions inside an SCR cell, a three-state nonlinear model is obtained and the system...
In this study, acid-catalyzed conversions of three typical C6 sugar monomers/oligomers (glucose, maltose, and beta-cyclodextrins) to levulinic acid in water, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and toluene have been investigated over a solid acid catalyst Amberlyst 70 (A70), aiming to understand behaviors of the sugars in the solvents with distinct polarities. Molecular sizes of the sugars do not affect both insoluble...
Algal residue after lipid extraction is problematic, yet its high nutrient content makes it a potential source for microbial cultivation. This study proved that algal residue suspension from acid-catalyzed hot-water extraction (AHE) can be used for oleaginous yeast cultivation. When AHE was applied into Nannochloropsis salina, lipid extraction efficiency over 90% was obtained versus the control extraction...
Biodiesel production is currently limited due to high raw material costs. The potential of using sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants as an alternative lipid feedstock was investigated. Four different types of sludge (primary, secondary, blended and stabilised) were tested in lipid extraction by Soxhlet using hexane, and biodiesel production by acid catalysis. To improve the extraction...
Effects of butanol on conventional and low temperature combustion were investigated on a single-cylinder diesel engine. Four butanol isomers, n-butanol, sec-butanol, iso-butanol and tert-butanol were added into diesel by volume ratios of 20% and 40%, referred to as N20/N40, S20/S40, I20/I40 and T20/T40, respectively. Experiments were conducted over a wide range of EGR from 0% to ∼65%. Results indicate...
Investigation on the characteristics of ion current in a direct-injection stratified-charge engine fueled with methanol was conducted. The test engine is a retrofitted 4-cylinder diesel engine with installation of a spark plug. Ion current was measured using the spark plug as ion sensor. Cylinder pressure was recorded and cylinder average temperature was calculated. The band-pass filtering and low-pass...
The rheological properties and stability of lignite washery tailing suspensions (LWTS) were studied as a special type of coal water slurry (CWS). The properties of LWTS in these aspects are all shown to meet the requirement of a CWS. Two test methods, i.e., a rotational viscometer and a pipeline test system, were used to study the rheological properties of the LWTS and to distinguish between theory...
Ash deposition such as slagging and fouling on boiler tube surfaces is an inevitable, though undesirable consequence of burning solid fuels in boilers. The role of fuel characteristics, in affecting the form and severity of the problem, is significant. In recent years, biomass fuels have gained increasing popularity as an environmentally friendly source of energy in power plants all over the world...
This work reports a new set of experimental data for the liquid–liquid equilibrium for {soybean oil+soybean oil ethyl esters+(ethanol+water)} systems at atmospheric pressure and at T=(298.15, 313.15 and 323.15)K, while pseudobinary solubility data were obtained for the system {soybean oil+(ethanol+water)} at temperatures from 278.15 to 348.15K. The liquid-phase compositions were measured by gravimetry,...
A new active site/intermediate model (ASIM) is formulated in terms of a simplified calcium-catalyzed mechanism of char gasification to characterize a conversion-dependent maximum in reaction rate. In a limited case, the model is retrogressed to a common volumetric model (VM). Two sets of kinetic data were experimentally gathered by steam gasification of two lignite chars in a fixed bed reactor with...
This paper focuses on the synthesis of micro scale Poly(methylmethacrylate-acrylic acid-divinylbenzene) iron oxide Janus magnetic submicronic particles and the investigation of their interfacial properties and demulsifying capacity. The surface morphology, polymerization process and magnetic properties of the magnetic Janus submicronic particles were characterized by laser particle size analyzer,...
Detailed projections of world fossil fuel production including unconventional sources were created by country and fuel type to estimate possible future fossil fuel production. Four critical countries (China, USA, Canada and Australia) were examined in detail with projections made on the state/province level. Ultimately Recoverable Resources (URR) for fossil fuels were estimated for three scenarios:...
Two-phase computational modelling based on the Euler–Euler was developed to investigate the heterogeneous combustion processes of biomass, in the solid carbon phase, inside a newly designed combustion chamber (Model 1). A transient simulation was carried out for a small amount of carbon powder situated in a cup which was located at the centre of the combustion chamber. A heat source was provided to...
The potential for aerobic and methanogenic oil biodegradation processes was investigated in an oil reservoir undergoing secondary and tertiary oil production in the Gangxi area of Dagang, China. In this area a highly biodegraded basically sulfate-free and methane-rich oil reservoir was investigated. Laboratory degradation experiments under aerobic and methanogenic conditions were performed using production...
In this paper, we compare the surface area, porosity and other physical–structural properties of four bituminous coals from three different coal fields of South Africa determined using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ) low pressure gas adsorption (LPGA), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and advanced Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) analytical techniques. Consistent...
Hydraulic fracturing operation affects the production in addition to increasing production in reservoir with low permeability in fractured reservoirs. Apparent interaction between a propagating hydraulic fracture and pre-existing natural fractures seems to be the key component explaining why some reservoirs exhibit more complex behaviors. The likelihood of intersection between a hydraulic and natural...
Ethanol-soluble portion (ESP) from Zhaotong lignite ethanolysis at 305°C was analyzed with a positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS). The range of molecular mass distribution is from m/z 100 to 600 with the center around m/z 330. Assignment of molecular formulae reveals that the main nitrogen-containing species with relative...
Carbon dioxide-based supercritical fluid extraction (CO 2 SFE) has been an excellent alternative to solvent extraction in many industries. In this study, a heavy crude oil was adsorbed to kieselguhr and performed for comparison of different extraction processes. The oil extract by dichloromethane Soxhlet extraction was used as a benchmark. Another batch of the sample was subjected to sequential...
Biofuels and biomaterials, produced from lignocellulosic feedstock, require facile access to cellulose and hemicellulose to be competitive with petroleum processing and sugar-based fermentation. Physical-chemical barriers resulting from lignin complicates the hydrolysis biomass into fermentable sugars. Thus, the amount of lignin within a substrate is critical in determining biomass processing. The...
Recent emission control legislations restrict the particulate mass emissions as well as particle numbers due to severe adverse health effects of smaller size particulates. Therefore from health perspective, reduction in particulate mass as well as numbers, both are desired from any potential alternative fuel. In this experimental investigation, effect of Karanja biodiesel and its blends on particulate...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.